java.lang Documentation Differences

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Thrown when an application tries to call an abstract method. Normally this error is caught by the compiler; this error can only occur at run time if the definition of some class has incompatibly changed since the currently executing method was last compiled. @author unascribed @version 1.15 0216 12/0203/0001 @since JDK1.0

Thrown when an exceptional arithmetic condition has occurred. For example an integer "divide by zero" throws an instance of this class. @author unascribed @version 1.19 0220 12/0203/0001 @since JDK1.0

Thrown to indicate that an array has been accessed with an illegal index. The index is either negative or greater than or equal to the size of the array. @author unascribed @version 1.18 0219 12/0203/0001 @since JDK1.0

Thrown to indicate that an attempt has been made to store the wrong type of object into an array of objects. For example the following code generates an ArrayStoreException:

 Object x[] = new String[3]; x[0] = new Integer(0); 

@author unascribed @version 1.8 029 12/0203/0001 @since JDK1.0

The Boolean class wraps a value of the primitive type boolean in an object. An object of type Boolean contains a single field whose type is boolean.

In addition this class provides many methods for converting a boolean to a String and a String to a boolean as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing with a boolean. @author Arthur van Hoff @version 1.38 0242 12/0203/0001 @since JDK1.0

Allocates a Boolean object representing the value argument.

Note: It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. Unless a new instance is required the static factory #valueOf(boolean) is generally a better choice. It is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance. @param value the value of the Boolean.

The Byte class wraps a value of primitive type byte in an object. An object of type Byte contains a single field whose type is thebyte.

In addition standardthis wrapperclass provides several methods for converting a byte to a String and a String to a byte as well as other constants and valuesmethods useful when dealing with a byte. @author Nakul Saraiya @version 1.20 0228 12/0203/0001 @see java.lang.Number @since JDK1.1

Constructs a newly allocated Byte object initialized tothat represents the byte value specifiedindicated by the String parameter. The radixstring is assumedconverted to bea byte value in exactly the manner used by the parseByte method for radix 10. @param s the String to be converted to a Byte @exception NumberFormatException If the String does not contain a parsable byte. @see java.lang.Byte#parseByte(java.lang.String int)

Constructs a newly allocated Byte object initialized tothat represents the specified byte value. @param value the initial value ofto be represented by the Byte.

Returns the value of this Byte as a byte.

Compares two BytesByte objects numerically. @param anotherByte the Byte to be compared. @return the value 0 if the argumentthis Byte is equal to thisthe argument Byte; a value less than 0 if this Byte is numerically less than the Byte argument Byte; and a value greater than 0 if this Byte is numerically greater than the Byte argument Byte (signed comparison). @since 1.2

Compares this Byte object to another Objectobject. If the Objectobject is a Byte this function behaves like compareTo(Byte). Otherwise it throws a ClassCastException (as BytesByte objects are comparable only comparable to other BytesByte objects). @param o the Object to be compared. @return the value 0 if the argument is a Byte numerically equal to this Byte; a value less than 0 if the argument is a Byte numerically greater than this Byte; and a value greater than 0 if the argument is a Byte numerically less than this Byte. @exception ClassCastException if the argument is not a Byte. @see java.lang.Comparable @since 1.2

Decodes a String into a Byte. Accepts decimal hexadecimal and octal numbers ingiven by the following formatsgrammar: [-]

decimal

constant

DecodableString: [-]

Sign_opt DecimalNumeral

Sign_opt 0x hexHexDigits

Sign_opt constant0X [-]HexDigits

Sign_opt # HexDigits

Sign_opt hex0 constantOctalDigits

Sign: [

-] 0

octal

DecimalNumeral HexDigits and OctalDigits are defined in §3.10.1 of constantthe Java Language Specification.

The constantsequence of characters following an (optional) negative sign and/or "radix specifier" ("0x" "0X" "#" or leading zero) is parsed as by the Byte.parseByte method with the specifiedindicated radix (10 816 or 168). This constantsequence of characters must berepresent a positive value or a NumberFormatException will resultbe thrown. The result is madenegated negative if first character of the specified String is the negativeminus sign. No whitespace characters are permitted in the String. @param nm the String to decode. @return thea Byte represented byobject holding the specifiedbyte string.value represented by nm @exception NumberFormatException if the String does not contain a parsable byte. @see java.lang.Byte#parseByte(java.lang.String int)

Returns the value of this Byte as a double.

Compares this object to the specified object. The result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a Byte object that contains the same byte value as this object. @param obj the object to compare with @return true if the objects are the same; false otherwise.

Returns the value of this Byte as a float.

Returns a hashcodehash code for this Byte.

Returns the value of this Byte as an int.

Returns the value of this Byte as a long.

AssumingParses the specifiedstring String representsargument as a signed decimal byte. returns thatThe characters byte'sin value.the Throws an exceptionstring must all ifbe decimal digits except that the Stringfirst character cannotmay be parsedan asASCII minus sign '-' ('\u002D') to indicate a bytenegative value. The radixresulting byte value is assumed toreturned exactly beas if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the int) method. @param s thea String containing the byte representation to be parsed @return the parsedbyte value ofrepresented by the byteargument in decimal @exception NumberFormatException Ifif the the string does not contain a parsable byte.

AssumingParses the specifiedstring String representsargument as a signed byte in the radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by whether int) returns a nonnegative value) except that bytethe first character may be an ASCII minus sign 's-' ('\u002D') to indicate a negative value. ThrowsThe anresulting byte value is returned.

An exception of type NumberFormatException is thrown if any of the Stringfollowing situations occurs:

• The first argument is null or is a string of length zero. cannot
• The radix is either smaller than java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX or larger than java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX
• Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified radix except that the first character may be parseda asminus sign '-' ('\u002D') provided that the string is longer than length 1.
• The value represented by the string is not a value of type byte.

@param s the String containing the byte representation to be parsed @param radix the radix to be used while parsing s @return the parsedbyte value ofrepresented by the bytestring argument in the specified radix @exception NumberFormatException If the Stringstring does not contain a parsable byte.

Returns the value of this Byte as a short.

Returns a String object representing this Byte's value. The value is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string exactly as if the byte value were given as an argument to the java.lang.Byte#toString(byte) method. @return a string representation of the value of this object in base 10.

Returns a new String object representing the specified Bytebyte. The radix is assumed to be 10. @param b the byte to be converted @return the string representation of the specified byte @see java.lang.Integer#toString(int)

AssumingReturns a Byte object holding the value given by the specified String. represents a byte returnsThe argument is interpreted as representing a new Bytesigned decimal objectbyte initialized to thatexactly as if value.the Throws an exception ifargument were given to the #parseByte(java.lang.String) cannotmethod. be parsed asThe result is a Byte object that represents the byte value specified by the string. The radix

In isother words this method assumedreturns a Byte object equal to bethe value of:

new 10Byte(Byte.parseByte(s))

@param s the String containing the integerstring to be parsed @return thea Byte instance representingobject holding the parsedvalue byterepresented valueby the string argument @exception NumberFormatException If the String does not contain a parsable byte.

AssumingReturns a Byte object holding the value extracted from the specified String representswhen parsed with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument is interpreted as representing a signed byte returns a new Bytein the radix specified objectby the second argument exactly as if the initializedargument were given to thatthe valueint) method. Throws an exceptionThe result is ifa Byte object that represents the Stringbyte cannot be parsedvalue specified by asthe string.

In other words this method returns a byteByte object equal to the value of:

new Byte(Byte.parseByte(s radix))

@param s the String containing the integerstring to be parsed @param radix the radix to be used in interpreting s @return thea Byte instanceobject representingholding the parsedvalue byterepresented valueby the string argument in the specified radix. @exception NumberFormatException If the String does not contain a parsable byte.

TheA constant holding the maximum value a Bytebyte can have 2⁷-1.

TheA constant holding the minimum value a Bytebyte can have -2⁷.

The Class objectinstance representing the primitive type byte.

The Character class wraps a value of the primitive type char in an object. An object of type Character contains a single field whose type is char.

In addition this class provides several methods for determining thea typecharacter's ofcategory a(lowercase characterletter digit etc.) and for converting characters from uppercase to lowercase and vice versa.

ManyCharacter ofinformation is based on the Unicode Standard version 3.0.

The methods and data of class Character are defined in terms of aby the information in "Unicodethe attributeUnicodeData table"file that specifies a nameis for every definedpart of the Unicode codeCharacter point.Database The table also includesmaintained by the Unicode otherConsortium. attributes such as a decimal value an uppercase equivalent a lowercase equivalentThis file specifies various properties including name and general category for every and/ordefined a titlecaseUnicode code equivalent.point Theor character attributerange. tables for specific versions of Unicode

The file and its description are available onfrom the World Wide Web in variousUnicode subdirectories ofConsortium at:

ftp
• http://ftpwww.unicode.org/Public/ For a more detailed specification of the Character class one that encompasses the exact behavior of methods such as isDigit isLetter isLowerCase and isUpperCase over the full range of Unicode values see Gosling

Joy and Steele The Java Language Specification. @author Lee Boynton @author Guy Steele @author Akira Tanaka @version 1.61 02/02/00 @since JDK11.0

Constructs a new Subset instance. @exception NullPointerException if name is null @param name The name of this subset

Compares two Subset objects for equality. This method returns true if and only if xthis and ythe argument refer to the same object; and because itsince this method is final it guarantees thisthis guarantee holds for all subclasses.

Returns the standard hash code as defined by the {@link Object#hashCode} method. This method is final in order to ensure that the equals and hashCode methods will be consistent in all subclasses.

A family of character subsets representing the character blocks definedin by the Unicode 2.0 specification. AnyCharacter blocks generally define characters givenused for a specific script or purpose. A character is contained by at most one Unicode block. @since 1.2

Constructs a newly allocated Character object and initializes it so that it represents the primitivespecified valuechar argumentvalue. @param value the value for theto be newrepresented by the Character object.

Returns the value of this Character object. @return the primitive char value represented by this object.

Compares two CharactersCharacter objects numerically. @param anotherCharacter the Character to be compared. @return the value 0 if the argument Character is equal to this Character; a value less than 0 if this Character is numerically less than the Character argument; and a value greater than 0 if this Character is numerically greater than the Character argument (unsigned comparison). Note that this is strictly a numerical comparison; it is not locale-dependent. @since 1.2

Compares this Character object to another Objectobject. If the Objectobject is a Character this function behaves like compareTo(Character). Otherwise it throws a ClassCastException (as CharactersCharacter objects are comparable only to other CharactersCharacter objects). @param o the Object to be compared. @return the value 0 if the argument is a Character numerically equal to this Character; a value less than 0 if the argument is a Character numerically greater than this Character; and a value greater than 0 if the argument is a Character numerically less than this Character. @exception ClassCastException if the argument is not a Character. @see java.lang.Comparable @since 1.2

Returns the numeric value of the character ch in the specified radix.

If the radix is not in the range MIN_RADIX <= radix <= MAX_RADIX or if the value of ch is not a valid digit in the specified radix -1 is returned. A character is a valid digit if at least one of the following is true:

• The method isDigit is true of the character and the Unicode decimal digit value of the character (or its single-character decomposition) is less than the specified radix. In this case the decimal digit value is returned.
• The character is one of the uppercase Latin letters 'A' through 'Z' and its code is less than radix + 'A' - 10. In this case ch - 'A' + 10 is returned.
• The character is one of the lowercase Latin letters 'a' through 'z' and its code is less than radix + 'a' - 10. In this case ch - 'a' + 10 is returned.

@param ch the character to be converted. @param radix the radix. @return the numeric value represented by the character in the specified radix. @see java.lang.Character#forDigit(int int) @see java.lang.Character#isDigit(char)

Determines the character representation for a specific digit in the specified radix. If the value of radix is not a valid radix or the value of digit is not a valid digit in the specified radix the null character ('\u0000') is returned.

The radix argument is valid if it is greater than or equal to MIN_RADIX and less than or equal to MAX_RADIX. The digit argument is valid if 0 <= digit <= radix.

If the digit is less than 10 then '0' + digit is returned. Otherwise the value 'a' + digit - 10 is returned. @param digit the number to convert to a character. @param radix the radix. @return the char representation of the specified digit in the specified radix. @see java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX @see java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX @see java.lang.Character#digit(char int)

Returns the int value that the specified Unicode numericcharacter valuerepresents. ofFor example the character as'\u216C' (the roman numeral fifty) will return an int with a nonnegativevalue integerof 50.

The letters A-Z in their uppercase ('\u0041' through '\u005A') lowercase ('\u0061' through '\u007A') and full width variant ('\uFF21' through '\uFF3A' and '\uFF41' through '\uFF5A') forms have numeric values from 10 through 35. This is independent of the Unicode specification which does not assign numeric values to these char values.

If the character does not have a numeric value then -1 is returned. If the character has a numeric value that cannot be represented as a nonnegative integer (for example a fractional value) then -2 is returned. @param ch the character to be converted. @return the numeric value of the character as a nonnegative int value; -2 if the character has a numeric value that is not a nonnegative integer; -1 if the character has no numeric value. @see java.lang.Character#forDigit(int int) @see java.lang.Character#isDigit(char) @since JDK11.1

Returns a value indicating a character's general category. @param ch the character to be tested. @return a value of type int representing the character's general category. @see java.lang.Character#COMBINING_SPACING_MARK @see java.lang.Character#CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION @see java.lang.Character#CONTROL @see java.lang.Character#CURRENCY_SYMBOL @see java.lang.Character#DASH_PUNCTUATION @see java.lang.Character#DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER @see java.lang.Character#ENCLOSING_MARK @see java.lang.Character#END_PUNCTUATION @see java.lang.Character#FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION @see java.lang.Character#FORMAT @see java.lang.Character#INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION @see java.lang.Character#LETTER_NUMBER @see java.lang.Character#LINE_SEPARATOR @see java.lang.Character#LOWERCASE_LETTER @see java.lang.Character#MATH_SYMBOL @see java.lang.Character#MODIFIER_LETTER @see java.lang.Character#MODIFIER_SYMBOL @see java.lang.Character#NON_SPACING_MARK @see java.lang.Character#OTHER_LETTER @see java.lang.Character#OTHER_NUMBER @see java.lang.Character#OTHER_PUNCTUATION @see java.lang.Character#OTHER_SYMBOL @see java.lang.Character#PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR @see java.lang.Character#PRIVATE_USE @see java.lang.Character#SPACE_SEPARATOR @see java.lang.Character#START_PUNCTUATION @see java.lang.Character#SURROGATE @see java.lang.Character#TITLECASE_LETTER @see java.lang.Character#UNASSIGNED @see java.lang.Character#UPPERCASE_LETTER @since JDK11.1

Returns a hash code for this Character. @return a hash code value for this object.

Determines if a character has ais defined meaning in Unicode.

A character is defined if at least one of the following is true:

• It has an entry in the Unicode attributeUnicodeData tablefile.
• ItsIt value ishas a value in thea range '\u3040' <= ch <= '\u9FA5'. Its value isdefined inby the range UnicodeData '\uF900' <= ch <= '\uFA2D'file.

@param ch the character to be tested @return true if the character has a defined meaning in Unicode; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isTitleCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUpperCase(char) @since JDK11.0.2

Determines if the specified character is a digit.

A character is considered to be a digit if it is not in the rangeits general category type provided by '\u2000' <= Character.getType(ch <= '\u2FFF') and its Unicode name contains the wordis "DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER". For a more complete specification that encompasses all Unicode characters that are defined as digits see Gosling Joy and Steele The Java Language Specification.

These are theSome Unicode character ranges of Unicode characters that are consideredcontain digits:

0x0030
• '\u0030' through 0x0039'\u0039' ISO-LATIN-1 digits ('0' through '9') 0x0660
• '\u0660' through 0x0669'\u0669' Arabic-Indic digits 0x06F0
• '\u06F0' through 0x06F9'\u06F9' Extended Arabic-Indic digits 0x0966
• '\u0966' through 0x096F'\u096F' Devanagari digits 0x09E6 through 0x09EF Bengali digits 0x0A66 through 0x0A6F Gurmukhi digits 0x0AE6 through 0x0AEF Gujarati digits 0x0B66 through 0x0B6F Oriya digits 0x0BE7 through 0x0BEF Tamil digits 0x0C66 through 0x0C6F Telugu digits 0x0CE6 through 0x0CEF Kannada digits 0x0D66 through 0x0D6F Malayalam digits 0x0E50
• '\uFF10' through 0x0E59'\uFF19' ThaiFullwidth digits 0x0ED0 through 0x0ED9 Lao

digitsMany 0x0F20other throughcharacter 0x0F29ranges Tibetancontain digits 0xFF10 through 0xFF19 Fullwidth digitsas well. @param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is a digit; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#digit(char int) @see java.lang.Character#forDigit(int int) @see java.lang.Character#getType(char)

Determines if the specified character is an ISO control character. A character is considered to be an ISO control character if its code is in the range '\u0000' through '\u001F' or in the range '\u007F' through '\u009F'. @param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is an ISO control character; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isSpaceChar(char) @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace(char) @since JDK11.1

Determines if the specified character should be regarded as an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.

The following Unicode characters are ignorable in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier: 0x0000 through 0x0008

• ISO control characters that 0x000E through 0x001B are not whitespace
  and
  • '\u0000' through 0x007F'\u0008'
  • '\u000E' through 0x009F 0x200C'\u001B'
  • '\u007F' through 0x200F'\u009F' join
  controls 0x200A
• all throughcharacters 0x200Ethat bidirectionalhave controls 0x206Athe throughFORMAT 0x206Fgeneral formatcategory controls 0xFEFF zero-width no-break spacevalue

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is an ignorable control character that may be part of a Java or Unicode identifier; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierPart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char) @since JDK11.1

Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Java identifier if and only if it is oneany of the following are true:

• it is a letter
• it is a currency symbol (such as "'$"')
• it is a connecting punctuation character (such as "'_"').
• it is a digit
• it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
• it is a combining mark
• it is a non-spacing mark
• anisIdentifierIgnorable returns true ignorable controlfor the character

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character may be part of a UnicodeJava identifier; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isIdentifierIgnorable(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierStart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char) @since JDK11.1

Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.

A character may start a Java identifier if and only if it is one of the following conditions is true:

• aisLetter(ch) returns true letter
• getType(ch) returns LETTER_NUMBER
• ch is a currency symbol (such as "$")
• ch is a connecting punctuation character (such as "_").

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character may start a Java identifier; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierPart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char) @since JDK11.1

Determines if the specified character is a "Java" letter that is the character is permissible as the first character in an identifier in thea Java languageidentifier.

A character is considered tomay bestart a Java letteridentifier if and only if itone of the following is atrue: letter

the
• isLetter(ch) ASCIIreturns dollartrue sign
• charactergetType(ch) returns '$'LETTER_NUMBER or
• thech is a currency symbol (such as "$")
• ch is underscorea connecting punctuation character '(such as "_'").

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character ismay start a Java letteridentifier; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isJavaLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierStart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaLetterOrDigitisJavaIdentifierPart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char) @since JDK1.01.202 @deprecated Replaced by isJavaIdentifierStart(char).

Determines if the specified character is a "Java" letter or digit that is themay character isbe permissible aspart of a non-initial characterJava in an identifier inidentifier as other than the Javafirst languagecharacter.

A character ismay considered to bebe part of a Java letter or digitidentifier if and only if any of the following are true:

• it is a letter a digit the ASCII dollar sign
• it is a currency symbol character(such as '$') or
• theit is a connecting underscorepunctuation character (such as '_')
• it is a digit
• it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
• it is a combining mark
• it is a non-spacing mark
• isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for the character.

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is a Java letter ormay be part of a digitJava identifier; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierPartisJavaLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaLetterisJavaIdentifierStart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierPart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char) @since JDK1see java.0lang.Character#isIdentifierIgnorable(char) @since 1.202 @deprecated Replaced by isJavaIdentifierPart(char).

Determines if the specified character is a letter. For a more complete specification that encompasses all Unicode characters see Gosling Joy and Steele The Java Language Specification.

A character is considered to be a letter if and only if it is specifiedits to be a lettergeneral category type provided by the Unicode 2Character.0 standard getType(category "Lu" "Ll" "Lt" "Lm" or "Lo" in the Unicode specification data filech). Note that most ideographic characters areis any of the consideredfollowing: to be

• lettersUPPERCASE_LETTER (category
• "Lo")LOWERCASE_LETTER for
• thisTITLECASE_LETTER purpose.
• MODIFIER_LETTER Note
• alsoOTHER_LETTER that not

Not all letters have case: many. UnicodeMany characters are letters but are neither uppercase nor lowercase nor titlecase. @param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is a letter; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierStart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isTitleCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUpperCase(char)

Determines if the specified character is a letter or digit. For a more complete specification that encompasses all Unicode characters see Gosling Joy and Steele The Java Language Specification.

A character is considered to be a letter if and only if it is specified to be a letter or a digit by the Unicode 2.0 standard (category "Lu" "Ll" "Lt" "Lm" "Lo" or "Nd" in the Unicode specification data file). In other words isLetterOrDigit is true of a character if and only if either Character.isLetter is true of the(char characterch) or Character.isDigit(char isch) returns true offor the character. @param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is a letter or digit; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierPart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char) @since JDK11.0.2

Determines if the specified character is a lowercase character.

A character is lowercase if it is notits in the rangegeneral category type '\u2000'provided throughby '\u2FFF'Character.getType(ch) the Unicode attribute table does not specify a mapping to lowercase for the character and at least one of the following is true: The attribute table specifies a mapping to uppercase for the character. The name for the character contains the words "SMALL LOWERCASE_LETTER". The name for the character contains the words "SMALL LIGATURE".

A character is considered to be lowercase if and only if itThe is specified to befollowing are examples of lowercase by the Unicode 2.0 standard (category "Ll" in the Unicode specification data file). Of the ISO-LATIN-1 characters (character codes 0x0000 through 0x00FF) the following are lowercase:

 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z '\u00DF' '\u00E0' '\u00E1' '\u00E2' '\u00E3' '\u00E4' '\u00E5' '\u00E6' '\u00E7' '\u00E8' '\u00E9' '\u00EA' '\u00EB' '\u00EC' '\u00ED' '\u00EE' '\u00EF' '\u00F0' '\u00F1' '\u00F2' '\u00F3' '\u00F4' '\u00F5' '\u00F6' '\u00F8' '\u00F9' '\u00FA' '\u00FB' '\u00FC' '\u00FD' '\u00FE' '\u00FF' 

Many other Unicode characters are lowercase too.

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is lowercase; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isTitleCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#getType(char)

Determines if the specified character is ISO-LATIN-1 white space. This method returns true for the following five characters only:

'\t'	'\u0009'	HORIZONTAL TABULATION
'\n'	'\u000A'	NEW LINE
'\f'	'\u000C'	FORM FEED
'\r'	'\u000D'	CARRIAGE RETURN
'  '	'\u0020'	SPACE

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is ISO-LATIN-1 white space; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isSpaceChar(char) @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace(char) @deprecated Replaced by isWhitespace(char).

Determines if the specified character is a Unicode space character. A character is considered to be a space character if and only if it is specified to be a space character by the Unicode 2standard.0 standardThis (categorymethod returns true if the character's "Zs"general "Zlcategory type oris "Zp"any inof the Unicodefollowing: specification data

• file).SPACE_SEPARATOR
• LINE_SEPARATOR
• PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is a space character; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace(char) @since JDK11.1

Determines if the specified character is a titlecase character.

A character is considered to bea titlecase if and onlycharacter if it isits specified to be titlecasegeneral category type provided by the Unicode 2Character.0 standard getType(category "Lt" in the Unicode specificationch) datais file)TITLECASE_LETTER.

The printed representations of four UnicodeSome characters look like pairs of Latin letters. For example there is an uppercase letter that looks like "LJ" and has a corresponding lowercase letter that looks like "lj". A third form which looks like "Lj" is the appropriate form to use when rendering a word in lowercase with initial capitals as for a book title.

These are some of the Unicode characters for which this method returns true:

• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J
• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z

Many other Unicode characters are titlecase too.

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is titlecase; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUpperCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toTitleCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#getType(char) @since JDK11.0.2

Determines if the specified character may be part of a Unicode identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Unicode identifier if and only if it is one of the following statements is true:

• it is a letter
• it is a connecting punctuation character (such as "'_"').
• it is a digit
• it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
• it is a combining mark
• it is a non-spacing mark
• anisIdentifierIgnorable returns true ignorable controlfor this character.

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character may be part of a Unicode identifier; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isIdentifierIgnorable(char) @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierPart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetterOrDigit(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char) @since JDK11.1

Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Unicode identifier.

A character may start a Unicode identifier if and only if itone of the following conditions is atrue:

• isLetter(ch) returns true
• getType(ch) letterreturns LETTER_NUMBER.

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character may start a Unicode identifier; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isJavaIdentifierStart(char) @see java.lang.Character#isLetter(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char) @since JDK11.1

Determines if the specified character is an uppercase character.

A character is uppercase if it is notits in the rangegeneral category type '\u2000'provided throughby '\u2FFF'Character.getType(ch) the Unicode attribute table does not specify a mapping to uppercase for the character and at least one of the following is true: The attribute table specifies a mapping to lowercase for the character. The name for the character contains the words "CAPITAL UPPERCASE_LETTER". The name for the character contains the words "CAPITAL LIGATURE".

Of the ISO-LATIN-1 characters (character codes 0x0000 through 0x00FF) theThe following are examples of uppercase characters:

 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z '\u00C0' '\u00C1' '\u00C2' '\u00C3' '\u00C4' '\u00C5' '\u00C6' '\u00C7' '\u00C8' '\u00C9' '\u00CA' '\u00CB' '\u00CC' '\u00CD' '\u00CE' '\u00CF' '\u00D0' '\u00D1' '\u00D2' '\u00D3' '\u00D4' '\u00D5' '\u00D6' '\u00D8' '\u00D9' '\u00DA' '\u00DB' '\u00DC' '\u00DD' '\u00DE' 

Many other Unicode characters are uppercase too.

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is uppercase; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isTitleCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#getType(char) @since 1.0

Determines if the specified character is white space according to Java. A character is considered to be a Java whitespace character if and only if it satisfies one of the following criteria:

• It is a Unicode space separatorcharacter (categorySPACE_SEPARATOR "Zs"LINE_SEPARATOR or PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR) but is not also a nonon-breakbreaking space ('\u00A0' or '\uFEFF). It is a Unicode line separator (category "Zl"). It isu2007' a Unicode paragraph separator (category "Zp"'\u202F').
• It is '\u0009' HORIZONTAL TABULATION.
• It is '\u000A' LINE FEED.
• It is '\u000B' VERTICAL TABULATION.
• It is '\u000C' FORM FEED.
• It is '\u000D' CARRIAGE RETURN.
• It is '\u001C' FILE SEPARATOR.
• It is '\u001D' GROUP SEPARATOR.
• It is '\u001E' RECORD SEPARATOR.
• It is '\u001F' UNIT SEPARATOR.

@param ch the character to be tested. @return true if the character is a Java whitespace character; false otherwise. @see java.lang.Character#isSpaceChar(char) @since JDK11.1

TheConverts given character is mapped to its lowercase equivalent; if the character has no lowercase equivalent the character itself is returned. A character hasargument ato lowercase equivalent if and only if ausing lowercasecase mapping is specified for the characterinformation infrom the Unicode attributeUnicodeData tablefile.

Note that some Unicode characters in the range '\u2000' to '\u2FFF'Character.isLowerCase(Character.toLowerCase(ch)) have lowercase mappings; this method does map such characters tonot their lowercasealways return equivalentstrue even though the methodfor some ranges of isUpperCasecharacters does not returnparticularly those that trueare for such characterssymbols or ideographs. @param ch the character to be converted. @return the lowercase equivalent of the character if any; otherwise the character itself. @see java.lang.Character#isLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUpperCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toTitleCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char)

Returns a String object representing this character's value. Converts this Character object to a's stringvalue. The result is a string whoseof length is 1. The string'swhose sole component is the primitive char value represented by this Character object. @return a string representation of this object.

Converts the character argument to titlecase. A character has a titlecase equivalent if andusing case mapping information from the UnicodeData onlyfile. ifIf a titlecasecharacter mapping is specified for the character in the Unicode attributehas no explicit titlecase mapping and is not itself a table.titlecase Note that some Unicode characters in the rangechar according to UnicodeData then the uppercase mapping is '\u2000'returned throughas '\u2FFF'an haveequivalent titlecase mappings; thismapping. method doesIf the mapchar such characters to theirargument is already a titlecase equivalents even though the method isTitleCasechar does notthe returnsame truechar for suchvalue will charactersbe returned.

There are only four Unicode characters that are truly titlecase formsNote that are distinct from uppercase formsCharacter. As a rule if a character has no true titlecase equivalent but does have an uppercase mapping then the Unicode 2isTitleCase(Character.0 attribute table specifies atoTitleCase(ch)) titlecase mapping that isdoes not always return thetrue same as the uppercase mappingfor some ranges of characters. @param ch the character to be converted. @return the titlecase equivalent of the character if any; otherwise the character itself. @see java.lang.Character#isTitleCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char) @since JDK11.0.2

Converts the character argument to uppercase. A character has an uppercase equivalent if and only if anusing uppercasecase mapping is specified for the characterinformation infrom the Unicode attributeUnicodeData tablefile.

Note that some Unicode characters in the range '\u2000' to '\u2000FFF'Character.isUpperCase(Character.toUpperCase(ch)) have uppercase mappings; this method does map such characters tonot their titlecasealways return equivalentstrue even though the methodfor some ranges of isLowerCasecharacters does not returnparticularly those that trueare for such characterssymbols or ideographs. @param ch the character to be converted. @return the uppercase equivalent of the character if any; otherwise the character itself. @see java.lang.Character#isLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#isUpperCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char) @see java.lang.Character#toTitleCase(char)

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Mc" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Pc" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Cc" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Sc" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Pd" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Nd" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Me" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Pe" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Cf" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Nl" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Zl" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Ll" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Sm" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

The maximum radix available for conversion to and from Stringsstrings. The constant value of this field is the largest value permitted for the radix argument in radix-conversion methods such as the digit method the forDigit method and the toString method of class Integer. @see java.lang.Character#digit(char int) @see java.lang.Character#forDigit(int int) @see java.lang.Integer#toString(int int) @see java.lang.Integer#valueOf(java.lang.String)

The constant value of this field is the largest value of type char '\uFFFF'. @since JDK11.0.2

The minimum radix available for conversion to and from Stringsstrings. The constant value of this field is the smallest value permitted for the radix argument in radix-conversion methods such as the digit method the forDigit method and the toString method of class Integer. @see java.lang.Character#digit(char int) @see java.lang.Character#forDigit(int int) @see java.lang.Integer#toString(int int) @see java.lang.Integer#valueOf(java.lang.String)

The constant value of this field is the smallest value of type char '\u0000'. @since JDK11.0.2

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Lm" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Sk" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Mn" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Lo" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"No" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Po" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"So" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Zp" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Co" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Zs" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Ps" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data forcategory enumerated"Cs" Unicode general category typesin the Unicode specification. @since JDK11.1

PublicGeneral data for